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Halloysite and Kaolinite Cesium Chloride-Urea Intercalation Facilitated by a Trace of Water at Elevated Temperature¹

ABSTRACT

Addition of 75 µliters of H₂O to a mixture of 50 mg of partially hydrated spherical and tubular halloysite or coarse kaolinite and 250 mg of CsCl at 80°C for 48 hours followed by two washings with 10% urea solution produces a complete CsCl-urea intercalation at a 10.4–10.6å x-ray diffraction spacing. Washing with 10% urea solution enhanced the 10.4–10.6å peak by removal of the excess CsCl. Fireclay and fine kaolinites require 1–4 min of grinding in CsCl for complete expansion to 10.4–10.6Å spacing. As a result of 3 min of grinding, an additional 8–23% of SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ is dissolved from such kaolinites during 2.5 min of boiling in 0.5N NaOH.

¹ Supported in part by the Dep. of Soil Sci., School of Nat. Resour., College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wis., Madison, Project 1123; in part by the Nat. Sci. Found. EAR76-19783-Jackson; and in part by the Ministry of Education, Tokyo, and Yamaguchi Univ., Dep. of Agric. Chem., Yamaguchi, Japan; through an International Consortium for Interinstitutional Cooperation in the Advancement of Learning (ICICAL). Presented before Div. S-9, Soil Science Society of America, Chicago, Ill., 6 Dec. 1978.

² Visiting Scientist, Univ. of Wis., and Professor of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi Univ.; and Franklin Hiram King Professor, Univ. of Wis., respectively.

Received for publication February 13, 1980. Accepted for publication February 17, 1981.