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Cadmium Adsorption by Soils and Uptake by Plants as Affected by Soil Chemical Properties¹

ABSTRACT

The quantity of Cd²⁺ adsorbed by soils from the northeastern USA was measured at a given equilibrium concentration (10^–5M) of the metal in soil solution. This "retention capacity" was strongly related by a linear function to the exchangeable Ca²⁺ content of the soils. In addition, Cd²⁺ uptake by corn plants grown in these soils amended with 1-µg Cd²⁺/g of soil was measured and found to be related to the retention capacity of the soil for Cd²⁺ by a curvilinear function. Although organic matter and clay in soil were able to limit Cd²⁺ uptake by the plants, the best soil indicators of Cd²⁺ availability were the retention capacity and exchangeable base (mainly Ca²⁺) content. The ability of exchangeable bases to account for most of the variability in Cd²⁺ adsorption by the soils as well as uptake by the plants is attributed to the important role of Cd²⁺-Ca²⁺ exchange reactions in the soil.

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Agron., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853. Paper no. 1366. Funding was provided in part by the Regional Res. Project NE-96.

² Associate Professor of Soil Chemistry, Research Associate, and Senior Undergraduate Agronomy Major.

Received for publication September 16, 1980. Accepted for publication March 13, 1981.