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A Lithochronosequence of Soils Formed in Dune Sand¹

ABSTRACT

In western Indiana, soils on sand dunes range in development from those with only a weak color B horizon to those with a strongly developed argillic horizon. For this study, five soil sites exhibiting various degrees of soil development were described and analyzed. The most strongly developed soils were on older land surfaces, but they also contained more weatherable minerals in the C horizons. Thus, the increased development can be related to both time and parent material factors. Within a geomorphic area where land surfaces were similar in age, the site farther from the source had finer and better sorted sands, contained more weatherable minerals, and had stronger profile development. In soils containing subsoil textural lamellae, the bands were slightly coarser grained and contained more weatherable heavy materials, especially apatite, than the matrix. Apparently, much of the soil clay originated from weathering feldspars. As it moved down the profile, it was flocculated in the zones containing more weatherable heavy minerals, especially amphiboles, by Fe and Al released from these minerals. Phosphate released from apatite also might have helped precipitate Fe, Al, and clay in the lamellae.

¹ Journal Paper no. 8143. Purdue Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn., West Lafayette, IN 47907. Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy.

² Former Graduate Assistant (now Instructor, Texas A & M Univ.), and Professor, respectively, Purdue Univ.

Received for publication July 21, 1980. Accepted for publication October 21, 1980.