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Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Fallow Field Fertilized with Anhydrous Ammonia¹

ABSTRACT

Nitrous oxide emission was measured from fallow Palouse silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic pachic Ultic Haploxerolls) fertilized with 0, 55, 110, and 220 kg of N ha^–1 as anhydrous NH₃. The objective was to quantify N₂O losses during nitrification of banded anhydrous NH₃ under field conditions. Maximum N₂O emission occurred shortly after initiation of rapid nitrification. Nitrites were present in the center of the NH₃ retention zone during N₂O emission from the 110 and 220 kg N ha^–1 treaments but not in the retention zone of the check or 55 kg N ha^–1 treatments. Cumulative N₂O emission increased as the NH₃ rate was increased, but was disproportionately large from the 220 kg N ha^–1 treatments. However, even at the high N application rate, which was twice that recommended for the alternate winter wheat-fallow area of the Pacific Northwest, less than 0.1% of the applied N was recovered as N₂O. Recovery of applied NH₃ in the mineral form was approximately 100, 100, and 80%, respectively, for the 55, 110, and 220 kg N ha^–1 treatments 5 weeks after application, suggesting that at the higher N rate N losses may have occurred via mechanisms other than N₂O.

¹ Contribution from USDA-AR-SEA, in cooperation with the College of Agric. Research Center, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164. Scientific Paper no. 5666.

² Soil Scientist, Microbiologist, and Soil Scientist, respectively, USDA-SEA-AR, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164.

Received for publication June 16, 1980. Accepted for publication October 21, 1980.