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Gully Development in the Deep Loess Hills Region of Central Missouri¹

ABSTRACT

A small gully in a headslope position in loess over glacial till was instrumented to monitor the downslope flow of water within the soil profile (throughflow) and sampled to investigate soil properties related to the processes of gully development. The importance of local stratigraphy to subsurface water movement and the relations of both to localized failure events were examined. Throughflow convergence toward the gully head was the predominant factor in lessening soil strength and in precipitating gully failure events. The exact failure mechanisms were not clear. Failure occurred along cracks created by either freezing-thawing or wetting-drying cycles.

Overland flow was responsible for the removal of failure debris but not for bank erosion.

¹ Contribution from USDA-SEA-AR in cooperation with the Missouri Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Paper no. 8575. This project was partly funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Education, through PEAS Program.

² Former Graduate Student, Univ. of Missouri, presently Visiting Professor, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 672,80000 Curitiba-PR, Brazil; Soil Scientist, USDA-SEA-AR, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Professor of Agronomy, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.

Received for publication June 9, 1980. Accepted for publication September 12, 1980.