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Comparison of Extractants for Plant-available Zinc, Cadmium, Nickel, and Copper in Contaminated Soils¹

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to find a suitable extractant(s) for plant-available metals in metal contaminated soils. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. ‘Fordhook Giant’) was grown in greenhouse pots on 46 Ontario soils varying in degree of contamination with metals. The soils had been contaminated with metals to varying degrees over a period of years. After 40 days, the plants were harvested and Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cu concentrations were measured. Each soil was extracted with nine different extractants: aqua regia, 0.01M EDTA, 0.005M DTPA, 0.02M NTA, 0.5N CH₃COOH, 1N CH₃COONH₄, 0.6N HCl + 0.05N AlCl₃, (COOH)₂ + (COONH₄)₂, and H₂O. Zinc, cadmium, nickel, and copper concentrations in Swiss chard were correlated with the amounts of soil Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cu removed by each extractant. Of the nine soil extractants, CH₃COONH₄ was the best predictor of plant-available Zn if only extractable Zn and soil pH were included as independent variables in a regression equation. Acetic acid was the best extractant for prediction of both plant-available Cd and Ni when soil pH was included in the equation. Attempts to find a suitable soil extractant for plant-available Cu were unsuccessful.

¹ This research was supported under project number 72-5-17, a joint research program funded under provision of the Canada-Ontario Agreement in Great Lakes Water Quality.

² The authors are Research Scientist, Professor, and Research Scientist respectively, Dep. of Land Resource Science, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.

Received for publication July 28, 1978. Accepted for publication March 24, 1980.

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