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Nonionic Surfactant Effects on Adsorption and Degradation of 2,4-D¹

ABSTRACT

The effects of three nonionic surfactants on 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) adsorption and degradation was determined for two soils in laboratory studies. The surfactants varied in water solubilities and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values.

Adsorption of 2,4-D was significantly decreased in both soils by the least water-soluble surfactant, X-35. Degradation of 2,4-D was also significantly delayed by X-35 to various extents in both soils. However, extent of degradation was independent of treatments after 70 days. Various hypotheses, based on surfactant properties, are offered to explain the adsorption and degradation results. When surfactant concentrations remain above the critical micrelle concentration, nonionic surfactants with low HLB values can significantly alter 2,4-D behavior in soil. Surfactants with high HLB values appear to have little effect on 2,4-D behavior.

¹ Journal article 743, Agric. Exp. Stn., New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003.

² Former Undergraduate Student and Associate Professor, respectively, Dep. of Agronomy, N. M. State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003.

Received for publication October 22, 1979. Accepted for publication February 2, 1980.