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Effects of Lime, Silicate, and Phosphorus Applications to an Oxisol on Phosphorus Sorption and Ion Retention¹

ABSTRACT

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments conducted with a clayey kaolinitic isohyperthermic Typic Haplustox from the Cerrado region of Brazil showed that CaCO₃, CaSiO₃, and previous P applications decreased P fixation and improved cation retention properties. The amendments were added at rates to replace 1 or 2x exchangeable Al, and P was applied at rates to provide equilibrium solution concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ppm P. Six months after application, CaCO₃ and CaSiO₃ at 1x exchangeable Al decreased the amount of previous P sorbed to provide 0.1 ppm P in solution by 18 and 24%, respectively. Previous P applications were more effective in decreasing P sorption than the amendments. A 540 ppm P rate decreased P sorption by 65% without amendments. The combination of amendments + 540 ppm P decreased P sorption by 85 to 91%. Fertilizer P recommendations based on soil solution levels for limed soils should be obtained with soil samples which have also been limed; otherwise the P requirement may be overestimated.

Net negative soil charges increased by 11 to 47% with amendment applications and by 34% with 540 ppm P. The highest P and amendment rates doubled the net negative charge of this soil. Joint applications of P and soil amendments increased the negative charge and decreased the positive charge to a greater extent than when applied separately. Applications of both P and amendments made a major improvement in cation retention against leaching, but may increase anion leaching. P applications significantly increased soil pH and negative pH values.

¹ Paper no. 6025 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agric. Res. Service, Raleigh, NC 27650. Based on a portion of the senior author's M. S. thesis sponsored by the Tropical Soils Research Program under Contract AID/ta-C-1236 with the U. S. Agency for Int. Development.

² Graduate Research Assistant and Associate Professor, respectively, Soil Science Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27650.

Received for publication June 1, 1979. Accepted for publication January 8, 1980.

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