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Zinc, Cadmium and Manganese Uptake by Soybean from Two Zinc- and Cadmium-Amended Coastal Plain Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Two Coastal Plain soils were used to evaluate the effects of organic matter and Fe and Mn hydrous oxides on Zn phytotoxicity, and on Zn, Cd, and Mn uptake by soybean seedlings. Fertilized Pocomoke sl and Sassafras sl were limed to pH 5.5 and 6.3 with CaCO₃ when adding Zn (six levels between 1.3 and 196 mg/kg at pH 5.5; seven levels between 1.3 and 524 mg/kg at pH 6.3). Cadmium was added at 1% of the added Zn. ‘Beeson’ soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) was grown 4 weeks, and the trifoliolate leaves evaluated for dry weight yield and for their Zn, Cd, and Mn concentrations.

The higher organic matter Pocomoke soil was more effective than the Sassafras soil in reducing metal uptake and Zn phytotoxicity. Foliar Zn levels associated with yield reduction of soybean grown on Pocomoke differed with soil pH. Cadmium uptake was significantly lower on the Pocomoke soil. Foliar Mn increased to reported phytotoxic levels (>500 mg/kg) with increased added Zn only on the Sassafras soil at pH 6.3.

DTPA-extractable Zn and Cd were linear functions of added Zn and Cd for both soils; 0.01M CaCl₂-extractable Zn and Cd were curvilinear (increasing slope) functions for the Sassafras and linear for the Pocomoke soil.

Thus, soil type can strongly influence Zn, Cd, and Mn uptake, as well as Zn phytotoxicity to soybean. Soil organic matter appears to be more important than hydrous oxides of Fe and Mn in moderating the effects of excessive soil Zn and limiting Zn and Cd uptake. Induced metal toxicities (Mn) may depend on many factors, and should be considered an integral part of any characterization of specific metal phytotoxicities (e.g. Zn).

¹ Contribution from the Biological Waste Management and Organic Resources Laboratory, Agric. Environ. Qual. Inst., SEAAR, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705; and the Maryland Environ. Serv., Annapolis, MD 21401.

² Former Soil Scientist, Maryland Environ. Serv., Annapolis, Md. (now Project Director, Pesticide Environmental Chemistry/Fate Evaluation Program, Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, Md.), and Research Agronomist, USDA, SEA-AR, Beltsville, Md., respectively.

Received for publication September 5, 1978. Accepted for publication November 16, 1979.