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Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Sulfate Movement in Acid Forest Soils¹

ABSTRACT

The effect of simulated acid rain on sulfate mobility in ironpodzol and semipodzol (Typic Udipsamments) forest soils of southern Norway was studied. The study was carried out with lysimeters with undisturbed soil. The lysimeters were watered with ‘rain" having pH 5.6 and 4.3. It was found that sulfate mobility was higher in the semipodzol than in the iron-podzol and it was dependent on their sulfate adsorption capacities which in their turn were dependent on Al contents of these soils. Sulfate losses from applied ³⁵S increased with increasing volume and decreasing pH of the ‘rain". The element losses were also higher in the semipodzol reflecting further higher mobility of sulfate in this soil.

The total sums of cations, on equivalent basis, in the leachate from the semipodzol were nearly equal at pH 5.6 and 4.3 (0.480 and 0.485 meq liter^–1, respectively). In the iron-podzol, however, total sums of cations at pH 5.6 and 4.3 differed slightly (0.314 and 0.387 meq liter^–1, respectively).

¹ Contribution from SNSF-project FA 38/79 (Sur nedbørs virkning på skog og fisk, "Acid precipitation – Effects on forest and fish").

² Soil Scientists, The Norwegian Forest Research Inst., 1432 Aas-NLH, Norway.

Received for publication April 9, 1979. Accepted for publication October 5, 1979.