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Chemisorption of Cd²⁺ on Calcite Surfaces¹

ABSTRACT

The adsorption and precipitation of cadmium ions in the presence of calcium carbonate was studied in an effort to understand the processes of Cd²⁺ retention in calcareous soils. Measurement of cadmium removal from solution by pure CaCO₃ using a selective ion electrode indicated that the quantity of cadmium adsorbed depended upon the CaCO₃ particle size. High levels of added cadmium apparently caused nucleation of CdCO₃ on CaCO₃ as the solutions approached saturation with respect to CdCO₃. The initial chemisorption of Cd²⁺ on calcium carbonate was very rapid, while CdCO₃ precipitation at higher cadmium concentrations was slow. Chemisorption may control Cd²⁺ activity in some calcareous soils, producing solubilities much lower than predicted by the solubility product of CdCO₃. The surface area of soil carbonates is likely to be important in determining the levels of cadmium that can be immobilized by chemisorption. The affinity of calcite for metal ions appears to be a function of ionic radius, with divalent metal ions of the same size as Ca²⁺ readily substituting for Ca²⁺ in accessible surface sites.

¹ Contribution of the Dep. of Agronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Agronomy Paper no. 1325.

² Assistant Professor of Agronomy.

Received for publication July 9, 1979. Accepted for publication October 1, 1979.

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