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Effect of Depth of Lime Incorporation on the Growth of Corn on an Oxisol of Central Brazil¹

ABSTRACT

High Al saturation is one of the limiting factors to intensive cropping of many soils in the Cerrado of Brazil. A field study on the effect of lime rate and depth of incorporation on growth of corn (Zea mays L.) was conducted on an Oxisol (Typic Haplustox) at Brasilia. Lime rates used were 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 tons CaCO₃/ha and depths of incorporation were 15 and 30 cm. Incorporation of 4 tons of CaCO₃ to a depth of 30 cm reduced Al saturation from 72% to < 5% on a soil which initially had 1.1 meq Al/100 cm³. Concentrations of soil solution Al decreased to very low levels at pH 5.5.

Grain yields of three successive corn crops were increased by liming. Incorporation of lime to a depth of 30 cm resulted in higher yields than incorporation to a depth of 15 cm. Application of MgSO₄ to the acid soil increased yields above the nonlimed treatment.

Yield responses to liming were due to improved Mg nutrition and neutralization of toxic Al. Root length was increased considerably in the 0- to 15-cm depth and doubled in the 15- to 30-cm depth when Al was neutralized by liming. Increased root development in the 15- to 30-cm depth of the deep lime treatments resulted in greater water utilization from this depth and decreased the detrimental effects of moisture stress at tasseling on corn yields.

¹ Paper no. 5981 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agric. Res. Serv., Raleigh, NC 27650. This research was supported by the Agency for International Development under Contract ta-C-1236 and was conducted in cooperation with the Dept. of Agronomy, Cornell Univ. and CPAC/EMBRAPA, Brasilia, Brazil.

² Former Graduate Research Assistant at N. C. State Univ. (and Professor of Soil Science at the Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay); Professor of Soil Science at N. C. State Univ., Project Leader of the Program at Brasilia and now Assistant Professor of Soil Science at N. C. State Univ.; and former Director of the Exp. Stn. at Brasilia, respectively.

Received for publication April 27, 1979. Accepted for publication July 27, 1979.

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