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Comparative Effectiveness of Fourteen Solutions for Extracting Arsenic from Four Western New York Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Four western New York soils differing in soil type and land use were subjected to (i) extraction of As by 14 solutions for soil-solvent mixtures shaken for 1, 3, 7, and 18 hours; (ii) a sequential extraction with solvents designed to identify water soluble-As (Ws-As) and As associated with Al (Al-As), Fe (Fe-As), and Ca (Ca-As); and (iii) a hot HNO₃-H₂SO₄ digestion to determine "total" As. Arsenic was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry employing arsine generation.

In each soil sample the sequential extraction demonstrated that Fe-As >> Ca-As > Al-As > Ws-As; the total amount removed by the sequential extraction was only 34 to 41% of the total As in three low As (15.0 to 16.4 µg/g As) soil samples and 98% in a lead arsenate-sprayed orchard sample containing 52.1 µg/g As.

Deionized distilled water, 1N NH₄Cl, and 0.5M solutions of CH₃COONH₄ ("NH₄Ac"), NH₄NO₃, and (NH₄)₂CO₃ generally removed < 0.1 µg/g As from the soils. For the more effective solvents, the amount of As extracted increased with shaking time but an 18-hour shake never exceeded 80% of that extracted sequentially for any sample. The relative effectiveness of the basic solutions in removing As was in the order of 0.5M NH₄F 0.5M NaHCO₃ < 0.5M (NH₄)₂CO₃ < 0.5M Na₂CO₃ < 0.1M NaOH; for acid solutions the order was 0.05N HCl + 0.025N H₂SO₄ 0.5M HCl < 0.5M KH₂PO₄ < 0.5N H₂SO₄.

Arsenic extraction data obtained in this study are consistent with the view that P and As react similarly in solutions containing acetate, sulfate, fluoride, bicarbonate, hydroxide, and hydrogen ions.

¹ Contribution of the Department of Geology and the Environmental Resources Center, State Univ. of New York College at Fredonia, Fredonia, NY 14063. Project funded by the E. R. C.

² Research Assistant, Dept. of Geology and E. R. C.; Professor of Geology and Research Associate of E. R. C.; respectively.

Received for publication August 11, 1978. Accepted for publication November 7, 1978.

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