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Effect of a Saline and Alkaline Ground Water on Soil Genesis in Semiarid Southern Iran¹

ABSTRACT

The Marvedasht and Korbal soil series, developed in the Marvedasht area under similar climatic, vegetation, and parent material conditions, but with different topography and depths to saline ground water, were investigated. Marked differences in the morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of soil appear to be due to variations in topography and the depth of saline and alkaline ground water.

In this toposequence, soils with salic horizons (Salorthid) have formed on the flood plain with shallow ground water and soils with natric horizon (Natrixeralf) on the low terrace with deep ground water.

Both soils are calcareous throughout. Exchangeable sodium which is the major cause of clay dispersion and migration is only effective whenever the excess salts have been leached.

X-ray analyses indicate this toposequence has a clear difference in relative occurrence of attapulgite and smectite clay minerals. The attapulgite is replaced by smectite in the drier climatic zones.

¹ Contribution from the International Training Centre for Post-Graduate Soil Scientists; Faculty of Science, State Univ. of Ghent, Belgium; and Dep. of Soil Science, College of Agric., Pahlavi Univ., Shiraz, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Dep. of Soil Science, College of Agric., Pahlavi Univ., Shiraz, Iran.

Received for publication June 23, 1976. Accepted for publication January 18, 1977.

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