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Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen in a Flooded Rice Soil¹

ABSTRACT

In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer N utilization by rice (Oryza sativa L.), it is important to know what happens to N applied to the soil. Field experiments utilizing ¹⁵N-enriched ammonium sulfate were carried out to determine the fate of fertilizer N (100 kg N/ha) applied to Crowley silt loam soil. The distribution of fertilizer N in the plant-soil system at harvest time was determined using 2.32 m² plots. The distribution of fertilizer N in the plant-soil-floodwater system at six times during the growing season was measured in smaller plots (0.28 m²).

The results from the larger plots showed that fertilizer N recovered in the grain ranged from 30.9 to 37.3 kg N/ha depending on the method of application. Recovery of fertilizer N in the straw ranged from 18.2 to 24.2 kg N/ha. A considerable portion of fertilizer N (24.2 to 27.1 kg N/ha) remained in the soil (including roots) after cropping. Total recovery of the 100 kg/ha addition of labelled fertilizer N in the soil-plant system was 75.0 to 85.6 kg N/ha for the different methods of N application examined. Experiments using the smaller 0.28 m² plots showed rapid uptake of fertilizer N immediately after application, with no apparent further uptake after about 3 weeks. Soil N was the major and perhaps sole source of N for the plant during the last part of the growing season.

¹ Contribution from Laboratory of Flooded Soils and Sediments, Dep. of Agronomy, Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803. This study was conducted cooperatively with TVA, Soil and Fertilizer Res. Branch, Div. of Agric. Develop.

² Professor, and Research Associate, respectively.

Received for publication March 8, 1976. Accepted for publication May 5, 1976.

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