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Transport of Water and Heat in a Frozen Permeameter¹

ABSTRACT

Transport of water in frozen soils is probably not restricted to fluid phases. In a frozen permeameter a series-parallel mode of transport should exist in which the ice phase may move with uniform translational velocity in a stationary pore system formed by particles having adsorbed films of unfrozen water. A microscopic model for coupled mass and heat transport would be complex, but foundations for such a model are laid in an exercise which derives direct and cross coefficients for coupled transport equations applicable to a permeameter containing a simplified (nontortuous) "soil" with uniform cylindrical channels, ice-filled except for films adsorbed at channel walls. Temperature dependence of coefficients, assuming Newtonian shear in the film, can be modeled using standard double-layer theory. It is shown that the resultant coefficients are relatively insensitive to temperature (film thickness) but are highly dependent on thermal conductivities of components. Identity of cross-coefficients in this mechanical model is demonstrated. Expressions for computing phenomenological soil coefficients from coefficients measured in a practical permeameter are given, and a workable permeameter for such studies is postulated.

¹ Contribution from Department of Agronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14853; Agronomy Paper no. 1122.

² Professor of Soil Physics, Graduate Research Assistant, and Visiting Associate Professor of Soil Physics, respectively.

Received for publication April 16, 1975. Accepted for publication July 23, 1975.