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Evaluation of Water Flux Above A Deep Water Table Using Thermocouple Psychrometers¹

ABSTRACT

Deep water flow was evaluated in a Washington desert environment using hydraulic conductivity and potential gradients. Thermocouple psychrometers and temperature transducers were installed to depths of 94 m in the soil profile and used to measure the potential gradients. The hydraulic conductivity was calculated using a modified Millington and Quirk equation and the soil moisture characteristic curve. The thermal fluid diffusivity was calculated and used to estimate flow induced by thermal gradients. Under the conditions studied, a more refined analysis of the thermally induced flow is required to give a definite answer as to the direction of flow. It was concluded, however, if flow existed at this location, it was less than 1 cm/year.

¹ Joint contribution from Univ. of Arizona, Tucson 85721 and Battelle Northwest, Richland, Washington 99352. Approved for publication as a Technical Paper 1970, Arizona Agr. Exp. Sta., Tucson BNWL-SA-3984 Battelle-Northwest, Richland, Washington. The information contained in this paper is based on work performed under United States Atomic Energy Commission Contract at 945-1-1830 for Atlantic Richfield Hanford Co. and was partially supported by Rockefeller Foundation Grant 70073.

² Civil Engineer, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Environmental Protection Agency, P. O. Box 1198, Ada, Oklahoma 74820, formerly Research Associate, Dep. of Soils, Water, and Engineering, Univ. of Arizona; Senior Research Scientist, Water Resources Systems Section, Water and Land Resources Dep., Battelle-Northwest, Richland, Washington; Associate Professor, Dep. of Soils, Water, and Engineering, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, respectively.

Received for publication August 11, 1972. Accepted for publication August 27, 1973.