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Interacting Diffuse Layers in Mixed Mono-Divalent Ionic Systems¹

ABSTRACT

A numerical solution of the electric double-layer problem, for the case of overlapping diffuse layers in mixed monovalent-divalent ion systems, is used to obtain a series of graphs for various cation compositions in the external solution. In these graphs, the electric potential is expressed as a function of the surface charge density, the concentration of the two cations in the equilibrium solution, and the distance between platelets in various ionic mixtures. The graphs cover most of the situations usually encountered in soil systems, and are not sensitive to the valency of the anions present. They are used to estimate the electrostatic effect on cation exchange equilibria, swelling pressures, and electrokinetic phenomena in mixed-ion clay systems. Application of these estimates to theoretical analyses and comparisons between theoretical models and experimental data are illustrated. Some of the examples used for this illustration are based on work previously published by others.

¹ Contribution from The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1972 Series, No. 2098-E.

² Head, Department of Soil Physics, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel.

Received for publication March 30, 1972. Accepted for publication June 13, 1972.