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Relative Flow Rates of Salt and Water in Soil¹

ABSTRACT

A hydrodynamic equation for the mixing of two miscible solutions in a porous media has been combined with the Gouy theory for ion distribution in soil pores in order to examine the effect of flow velocity and ion distribution in the pores on the breakthrough curves. The model considers zones of mobile and immobile solution in the porous media, and the extent these zones are affected by the total concentration of the solution and the pore water velocity.

Miscible displacement experiments of ³⁶Cl and ³H through Panoche clay loam at 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001N total salt concentration using CaCl₂ were performed on the same column at a fast and slow flow velocity. It was shown that the exclusion volume for isotope and the separation volume for ³⁶Cl and ³H increased as flow velocity decreased and these changes were related to the total ion concentration, the thickness of the diffuse double layer, and the zones of mobile and immobile solution.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Water Science, University of California, Davis 95616.

² Staff Research Associate and Professors of Water Science, respectively. The senior author is Associate Agronomist, International Rice Research Institute, The Philippines.

Received for publication September 27, 1971. Accepted for publication January 10, 1972.