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Transport of Picloram in Relation to Soil Physical Conditions and Pore-Water Velocity¹

ABSTRACT

Miscible displacement techniques were used to study the movement of a solution containing 4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) through an initially herbicide-free Norge loam soil. Picloram mobility was reduced significantly by decreasing the average pore-water velocity from 5.8 to 0.59 cm/hr. A variation in herbicide adsorption with pore-water velocity was observed at each bulk density (1.55 and 1.65 g/cm³) and aggregate size (<2.0 and <0.42 mm) studied. For a specific bulk density, picloram adsorption was greater when the largest soil aggregate size was <0.42 mm than when the soil contained <2.0-mm aggregates. Differences in the effluent concentration distribution owing to variations in aggregate size were more evident at the lower bulk density. The average pore-water velocity influenced picloram movement more significantly than variations in bulk density or largest aggregate size at a given flow rate.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta., Stillwater, and as part of Project H-1324 and H-1366. Journal Manuscript no. 2281.

² Associate Professor and Research Associate, Agronomy Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74074. Second author is deceased.

Received for publication July 14, 1971. Accepted for publication November 16, 1971.