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Effects of Sources of Phosphorus Under Varying Soil Temperature and Moisture Regimes on the Emergence of Winter Wheat¹

ABSTRACT

The effects of several sources of phosphorus on the emergence of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared when applied in a band with the seed under controlled temperature and moisture conditions. The detrimental effects of a given fertilizer treatment on emergence increased as temperature increased from 15 to 25C. Increasing soil moisture stress from 1 to 3 bars also reduced emergence. The harmful effects of increasing the temperature from 15 to 25C were greater than the harmful effects of increasing moisture tension from 1 to 3 bars. Emergence was reduced to a much greater extent on a sandy soil than on a medium textured soil for a given fertilizer treatment. The effects of temperature, moisture, and soil texture appeared to be cumulative.

Ammonium polyphosphate, ordinary superphosphate, and concentrated superphosphate had approximately equal effects on emergence and were much less detrimental than monoammonium and diammonium phosphate which were about equal. Ammonium phosphate sulfate decreased emergence to a much greater extent than any other source.

Banding of concentrated superphosphate with the seed reduced emergence as much as 40% in the field. This reduced emergence, however, had no effect on yield of grain.

¹ Part of a thesis submitted by the Senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph. D. Degree. Presented before Div. S-8, Soil Science Society of America, November 1968.

² Extension Soil Specialist, Professor, and Associate Professor, Agronomy, respectively, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, Okla. 74074.

Received for publication January 12, 1970. Accepted for publication April 3, 1970.