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The Effect of Calcium and Its Relation to Several Cations in Soybean Root Growth¹

ABSTRACT

Short-term, split-root experiments were conducted in a growth chamber with ‘Lee’ soybeans (Glycine max). The upper portion of the root medium was a limed, fertilized sandy loam surface soil; the lower portion was a nutrient solution. Calcium concentration of 0.25 ppm was sufficient to obtain maximum growth rates in a nutrient solution at pH 5.6. More than 2.5 ppm of Ca was required at a solution pH of 4.5, and 5 ppm of Ca was insufficient when the pH was 4.0. High concentrations of Mg [ratios of Ca/(Ca + Mg) of 0.1 or less] also reduced growth. Replacing half of the Mg with K at low ratios of Ca/total cations produced more rapid elongation than the Ca + Mg systems, but had no effect at the higher ratios. Aluminum in the nutrient solution reduced root growth when the ratio of activities of Al to Ca was greater than 0.02.

¹ Contribution from the Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, Auburn University, Auburn, Ala. 36830.

² Research Soil Scientist, USDA, Auburn University, Auburn, Ala.

Received for publication November 13, 1969. Accepted for publication February 13, 1970.