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Plant Uptake and Chemical Extractions for Evaluating Potassium Release Characteristics of Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Five soils were treated with K at rates of 269, 134, and 0 kg/ha and were diluted 6:4, 3:7, and 1:9 with sand. Potassium was extracted from samples of the soils and soil-sand mixtures by various methods. The treated soils were then sequentially cropped in a growth chamber to German millet (Setaria italica stramineofructa) (one cutting) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (four cuttings). After cropping, K was again extracted from samples of the soils and mixtures.

The soils differed greatly in amounts of K released to the plants and to the various extracting solutions. Amounts of K removed by NH₄OAc, HNO₃, HCl, and NaBPh₄ from soils prior to cropping generally correlated better with amounts of K uptake than did amounts of K removed by other extractants. When all soils, K additions, and soil dilutions were combined, energy of exchange (F) values were poorly correlated with K uptake because of greater than proportional release of K in soil-sand mixtures. Both the plants and chemical extractants removed more K from soil-sand mixtures than that calculated on the basis of proportions of the soil in the mixtures. Cropping considerably reduced the amounts of exchangeable and boiling HNO₃ releasable K and caused F values to become more negative.

¹ Published with the permission of the Director of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center as Journal Article no. 92-67 and presented before Div. S-2 Soil Science Society of America, Columbus, Ohio, 1965. The results are contained in a dissertation submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph.D. degree, The Ohio State University, 1966.

² Former Research Assistant and Professor of Agronomy, respectively, The Ohio State University & The Ohio Agr. Res. & Develop. Center.

Received for publication March 12, 1968. Accepted for publication September 4, 1968.