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Clay Separation and Identification by a Density Gradient Procedure¹

ABSTRACT

A method was developed for the separation and partial identification of clays using a heavy liquid density gradient column. The columns consisted of five different layers, theoretically permitting seven different separations in one determination. To aid in separation, the original density of the clay was altered by saturation with H, Ca, K, or Cs. The resulting densities were related to changes in the clay interlayer distance as well as to the equivalent weight of the sorbed cations.

This density gradient method is simple, quick, and requires only basic laboratory equipment. The density values aid clay mineral identification and in some instances may be the only information needed.

¹ Scientific Article no. A-1422 and Contribution no. 4040 of the Maryland Agr. Exp. Sta., Department of Agronomy. Part of the senior author's MS dissertation.

² ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Md., and University of Maryland, College Park, respectively.

Received for publication March 8, 1968. Accepted for publication September 23, 1968.