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Self-Diffusion of Sodium Ions in Frozen Wyoming Bentonite-Water Paste¹

ABSTRACT

Self-diffusion of sodium ions in frozen Na-Wyoming bentonite paste was studied at different subzero temperatures using a radioactive tracer technique. The value of the apparent self-diffusion coefficient decreased rapidly from 8.8 x 10^-7 cm² sec^-1 at –0.6C to 4.3 x 10^-7 cm² sec^-1 at –3.0C but then decreased slowly to 1.7 x 10^-7 cm² sec^-1 at –15.0C. Thus, the rate of ion diffusion in the frozen bentonite paste was relatively high even at low temperatures. The reduction in ion mobility with decreasing temperature was primarily a consequence of a concurrent decrease in film thickness of the unfrozen water.

¹ Contribution from US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab., Hanover, N.H. Presented before Div. S-2, Soil Science Society of America, Washington, D.C., Nov. 1967.

² Research Chemist, Research Physicist, and Physicist, respectively, US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab., Hanover, N.H.

Received for publication December 6, 1967. Accepted for publication February 15, 1968.