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Transport in Soils: The Balance of Momentum¹

ABSTRACT

The mechanics of the fluid phase(s) of a soil is discussed on the basis of a balance of momentum for each phase. Saturated as well as unsaturated soils are considered. It is shown that with certain assumptions the balance of momentum for a fluid phase reduces to Darcy's law. The meaning and some possible generalizations of the various assumptions are considered. The form of Darcy's law appropriate to soils whose solid phase undergoes a deformation is deduced.

¹ Contribution from the Corn Belt Branch, Soil & Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta., Madison, Wis., and from the Illinois Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, Ill. This paper is partly based on the Ph.D. thesis of P. A. C. Raats, University of Illinois, 1965. Presented before Div. S-1, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 3, 1965, at Columbus, Ohio.

² Research Soil Scientist (Physics), USDA, Madison, Wisconsin, formerly Research Assistant, University of Illinois, and Professor of Soil Physics, University of Illinois, respectively.

Received for publication August 7, 1967. Accepted for publication March 5, 1968.