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A Sandculture Study of Chloride Toxicity to Mature Avocado Trees¹

ABSTRACT

Mature avocado trees (Persea americana) were grown outdoors in large sandcultures under treatments ranging from 0 to 20 meq Cl/liter. All solutions were adequately supplied with essential elements and the solutions were isoosmotic. Chloride injury symptoms include reduced tree growth, transpiration, leaf burn, premature leaf abscession, and possibly reduced fruit production. Criteria for evaluating soil, irrigation water, and leaf analysis are presented.

A mechanism for Cl injury is proposed to be the result of excessive accumulation of chlorides in xylem fluids in the leaf, which promotes dehydration and permanent injury to the cells. Rather than being a specific effect, the effect appears to be a special case of osmotic injury.

¹ Contribution of Department of Soils & Plant Nutrition, University of California, Riverside 92507. Presented before Div. S-4, Soil Science Society of America, Aug. 21–26, 1966, Stillwater, Okla.

² Professor of Soil Science, Graduate Student, and Associate Professor of Soil Science, respectively.

Received for publication August 18, 1967. Accepted for publication December 14, 1967.