SSSAJ Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education
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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 32:175-179 (1968)
© 1968 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Bulk Volume and Hydraulic Conductivity Changes during Sodium Saturation Tests1

L. J. Waldron and G. K. Constantin2

ABSTRACT

Fragmented samples of 1 organic and 5 mineral California soils were permeated with salt solutions while confined in cylinders under a constant axial stress of 0.05 bar. Continuous and precise measurement of bulk volume changes during sodium saturation with 1M NaCl followed by 0.25M NaCl showed that while hydraulic conductivity always decreased upon changing to the more dilute solution, the bulk volume increased with some soils and decreased with others. Such bulk decreases occurred only in the first passage of 0.25M NaCl following sodium saturation and were attributed to aggregate failure. If 1M NaCl was re-introduced, hydraulic conductivity increased with all soils so tested and bulk volume decreased. Further successive permeations with 1M and 0.25M solutions produced hydraulic conductivity increases with bulk volume decreases on changing from 0.25M to 1M, and hydraulic conductivity decreases with bulk volume increases on changing from 1M to .025M NaCl. A mechanical explanation is given which is based on a bimodal pore model of the soil and on the way in which variation of stress from point to point within the soil affects volume changes of the swelling material and the soil pore-size distribution.

NOTES

1 Contribution from the Department of Soils and Plant Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley.

2 Assistant Professor of Soil Physics, and Laboratory Technician IV, respectively.

Received for publication July 21, 1967. Accepted for publication October 11, 1967.






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Copyright © 1968 by the Soil Science Society of America.