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Interstratification in Vermiculite and Biotite Produced by Potassium Sorption: I. Evaluation by Simple X-ray Diffraction Pattern Inspection¹

ABSTRACT

The formation of mixed-layer minerals occurred upon potassium sorption by sodium or magnesium vermiculites with a change in the interlayer cation composition from the homoionic state to one of varying K/Na or K/Mg proportions. The type of mixing occurring in the vermiculites, as deduced by examination of X-ray diffraction patterns, was similar to that expected for regularly interstratified systems. The same conclusion could not be drawn for the Na- or Mg-biotite material. The effect of particle size on this phenomenon is such that the tendency toward regularity of mixing was greater for the 50 to 74µ than for <2µ materials. It was concluded that it is difficult to distinguish regular from random interstratification in the trioctahedral mica minerals due to coincidence of all but the weakest peaks of the two systems.

¹ Paper No. 1777, Univ. of California, CRC-AES, Riverside, Calif. This research is from the doctoral dissertation of the senior author and was presented, in part, at the Western Soil Sci. Soc. meetings in Seattle, Wash., June 14, 1966.

² Graduate Student and Professor of Soils and Plant Nutrition, Univ. of California, Riverside. The senior author is now Research Soil Scientist, USDA, US Salinity Lab., Riverside, Calif.

Received for publication September 2, 1966. Accepted for publication January 3, 1967.