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Uses of Metalizable Dyes to Minimize the Phosphate Sorption of Cecil Soil¹

ABSTRACT

Native phosphate and added water-soluble phosphate are "immobilized" to a high degree by Cecil soil. Addition of high-affinity anions (e.g., citrate and humate ions) which compete with the phosphate anion for cationic soil sites reduces the amount of phosphate immobilized by Cecil soil and increases the amount of phosphate in the soil solution.

Quercetin, Gallein, and Mordant Violet 39 (anionic metalizable dyes) are more effective competing agents for Cecil soil sites than either citrate or humate. They are particularly effective phosphate freeing compounds when used at molar concentrations 10 to 20 times that of added phosphate. Under comparable conditions, Quercetin, Gallein, and Mordant Violet 39 appear to have higher affinity than phosphate for Cecil soil. Mordant Violet 39 is sorbed more rapidly than phosphate by Cecil surface soil.

The hypothesis which arises from these sorption-desorption experiments is that addition of a high-affinity, metalizable anionic dye to Cecil soil should make soil phosphate more available for plant consumption.

¹ Technical Contribution no. 601, South Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Published with the approval of the Director. Presented before the Agron. Sect, Assoc. of Southern Agricultural Workers, Jackson, Miss. Feb. 8, 1966.

² Formerly Graduate Research Assistant (now Senior Scientist, Deering Milliken Research Corp., Spartanburg, S. C.) and Professor of Agronomy.

Received for publication June 20, 1966. Accepted for publication February 20, 1967.