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Composition of Dilute-Acid-Fluoride (Bray P₁) Extracts of Illinois Soils¹

ABSTRACT

The Bray P₁ reagent (0.03N NH₄F + 0.025N HCl) is widely used to extract "available P" from soils, but few studies have been made to determine the other elements that it removes with P. Illinois soils differing in pH and P fertilization were extracted with the P₁ reagent and also separately with its two components, 0.025N HCl and 0.03N NH₄F. These extracts were analyzed for P, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Si. Phosphorus extracted by the P₁ reagent or by 0.03N NH₄F was not correlated with soil pH or any of the other elements extracted. Combinations of Al with P in the soil, if they existed, could have been masked since the Al extracted by P₁ and by 0.03N NH₄F were many times greater than the P extracted. Phosphorus removed by 0.025N HCl was positively correlated with soil pH and with the Ca and Mg in the same extracts. From most soils the P₁ reagent removed more P than the sum removed separately by 0.03N NH₄F and 0.025N HCl. However, the reverse was true for a soil naturally high in calcium. Removal of the "Al-P" fraction of Chang and Jackson markedly reduced the P removed in a subsequent extraction with the P₁ reagent. Also, very little Al was extracted by P₁ after the "Al-P" fraction had been removed.

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana. Presented before Div. S-2, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 1965.

² Research Assistant in Soil Fertility, Research Associate in Soil Chemistry, and Professor of Soil Fertility, respectively. Dr. Motto is now at the Dep. of Soils, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N. J.

Received for publication December 27, 1965. Accepted for publication November 21, 1966.