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Some Till-Derived Chernozem Soils in Eastern North Dakota: I. Morphology, Genesis, and Classification¹

ABSTRACT

The macromorphology of several groups of well-drained Chernozems in Eastern North Dakota that have developed in glacial till are described. A general map shows the areas where these soils occur and the location of sites sampled. Laboratory analyses of two profiles representative of each of three of these soil groups include: particle size distribution, pH, organic carbon, CaCO₃ equivalent, clay size carbonates, free iron oxides, and the shale and chert content of the sand fractions.

The processes involved in the development of these soils from the glacial materials include: accumulation of organic matter and associated structure formation; redistribution of carbonates and more soluble salts; color changes; and formation of prismatic, finer textured B horizons primarily by alternate wetting and drying and weathering ‘in situ.’ Differences in the magnitude of these changes and in the original materials account for the Forman, Intermediate, and Barnes soils.

¹ Authorized for publication by the Directors as Journal Article No. 3589 of the Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta., East Lansing, and as Journal Article No. 49 of the North Dakota Agr. Exp. Sta., Fargo.

² Formerly, Graduate Assistant in Soil Science, Michigan State University; now, Soil Scientist, Soil Conservation Service, Mansfield, Ohio; and Associate Professor of Soils, North Dakota State College, Fargo.

Received for publication March 21, 1966. Accepted for publication September 6, 1966.