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Phase Composition of Frozen Montmorillonite-Water Mixtures from Heat Capacity Measurements¹

ABSTRACT

Equations are written that form the basis of a method for determining the unfrozen water content of frozen clay-water mixtures from heat capacity measurements. The heat capacity of frozen sodium-montmorillonite water mixtures was determined at –4.7 and –9.6C with a Calve. Microcalorimeter. The data were then used in conjunction with the method described to obtain the unfrozen water content of these clay wate mixtures. The data obtained indicate that the method is applicable at temperatures below about –5C. The amount of unfrozen water found in the frozen clay-water mixtures at –5 to –10C is quivalent to an interfacial surface layer of water of from one to two molecular diameters in thickness. Most of this water can be accommodated and is though to be located in interlamellar regions.

¹ Contribution from U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire; presented before Div. S-1 and S-2 of the Soil Science Society of America at Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 1, 1965.

² Soil Physicist.

Received for publication March 17, 1966. Accepted for publication September 6, 1966.