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Level Pan System for Spreading and Storing Watershed Runoff¹

ABSTRACT

Level pans were constructed in broad natural waterways to intercept runoff from contributing watersheds for storage and crop use. Stored soil moisture at seeding time in the level pans was as much in a 7-month period over winter as that stored in unleveled fallow plots during a 19- to 21-month period. Watershed runoff during the growing season provided 3 inches of moisture annually to level pans. The increased moisture supplies in the level pans permitted annual cropping with a 2-fold or better increase in yields over unleveled dryland areas in either fallow or continuous cropping. Water-use efficiency of grain and forage sorghums (Sorghum vulgare 'RS-610 and 'FS-22') increased with increasing moisture supplies.

¹ Contribution from the Northern Plains Branch, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, in cooperation with Colorado Agr. Exp. Sta. Presented before Div. S-6, Soil Science Society of America, Denver, Colo., Dec. 9, 1963.

² Research Agricultural Engineer, USDA, Central Great Plains Field Station, Akron, Colo.

Received for publication February 10, 1965. Accepted for publication March 21, 1966.