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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 30:337-343 (1966)
© 1966 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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A Soil Beidellite1

G. J. Ross and M. M. Mortland2

ABSTRACT

X-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 µ fraction of the main horizons of a Deer Park sand, a Podzol soil in northern Michigan, shows that montmorillonite is the dominant layer silicate in the A2 horizon of this soil. This montmorillonite appears to have weathered from illite and mica and chlorite interstratified with vermiculite and montmorillonite which are present in the underlying horizons. Chemical and X-ray data indicate that the montmorillonite in the fine fraction (< 0.2 µ) of the A2 horizon contains some randomly interstratified mica. The Greene-Kelly test, X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal, infrared, and chemical data show that the expanding component of this fine fraction is a beidellite of formula [Al1.62Fe0.18Mg0.28][Al0.45Si2.55]O10[OH]2 with exchange capacity = 0.49 M+ per half unit cell. This beidellite has a high layer charge, most of which arises from tetrahedral substitution, and shows a strong tendency to fix potassium.

NOTES

1 Authorized for publication by the Director as Journal Article no. 3741 of the Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta., East Lansing.

2 Formerly, Graduate Research Assistant in Soil Science; now Research Scientist, Soil Research Institute, Canada, Dept. of Agr., Ottawa; and Professor of Soil Science, respectively.

Received for publication November 8, 1965. Accepted for publication January 5, 1966.






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