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Chloride Diffusion in Clay-Water Systems¹

ABSTRACT

Self-diffusion coefficients of chloride were determined in sodium-and calcium-saturated bentonite in steady and transient state systems. In steady state systems a decrease in diffusive flow with lower salt concentrations in the equilibrium solutions can be attributed to anion exclusion in clay-water systems. In transient state systems the influence of the free electrolyte concentration on the porous system diffusion coefficient of chloride is practically negligible. An observed reduction by about 50% in the apparent diffusion coefficient of anions in these systems was attributed to heterogeneity of the negative adsorption due to a wide range of pore sizes.

¹ Contribution from Northern Plains Branch, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, and the Colorado Agr. Exp. Sta., Ft. Collins. Scientific Journal Series 1062. Portions of this work were supported by the National Science Foundation and Regional Research Project W-68.

² Formerly graduate research assistant, Colorado State University, now Research Officer, Canada Agr. Res. Sta., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada; and Research Soil Scientist, USDA, and Agronomist (Soils), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. respectively.

Received for publication March 23, 1965. Accepted for publication October 7, 1965.