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Gradient Elution of Soil Phosphorus¹

ABSTRACT

Soil phosphorus was fractionated by the means of gradient elution technique used in chromatography. This method involves a nonequilibrium extraction of the soil P, whereas conventional methods are based on equilibrium extraction. Non-equilibrium extraction is needed in order to describe the fate of the applied P before it reaches equilibrium with the entire soil system.

Soil samples were leached with a solution of linearily increasing acidity. Thus soil P was fractionated according to its solubility in acid. Upon leaching a soil sample, fertilized with superphosphate, two steps in P fixation could be demonstrated. The first step was a rapid one, decreasing the water solubility of the P, yet keeping it soluble in mildly acidic solutions. In the second slower step, P solubility in acidic solutions was decreased.

¹ Contribution from the Fertilizer Development and Soil Fertility Laboratory, Technion, Haifa, Israel. This research is a part of a doctoral thesis submitted to the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, by the senior author and was supported by the Fertilizer Development Council, Beersheva, Israel.

² Lecturer, and Associate Professor of Soil Chemistry, respectively; Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. The senior author is now at the American Dental Association, Res. Div., Nat. Bur. Stand., Wash., D. C.

Received for publication November 20, 1964. Accepted for publication February 18, 1965.