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Differential Response of Orchardgrass Varieties (Dactylis glomerata L.) to Nitrogen and Phosphorus under Controlled Soil Temperature and Moisture Conditions¹

ABSTRACT

In a greenhouse experiment, the growth and nutrient uptake of four varieties of orchardgrass were differentially affected by soil temperature and moisture. The yield of tops, for all varieties, was increased by a rise in soil temperature from 10°C. to 20°C. and by a rise in soil moisture from 25% to 75% of the available soil moisture capacity. The yield of roots was increased by a decrease in soil temperature from 20°C. to 10°C. when associated with the high soil moisture level. Under warm soil conditions a rise in available soil moisture generally produced similar increases in top yields for all varieties; whereas, under cool soil temperature a rise in soil moisture increased top yields in the following order: Frode > Rideau > S-143 = Chinook. Under the same moisture and temperature condition root yields were in the order of Frode > Chinook = Rideau.

The influence of N fertilization on herbage yield and on N uptake was only slightly affected by soil temperature and moisture. A rise in soil temperature and soil moisture increased the uptake of soil P and decreased the effect of applied P on yield and P uptake. Under P fertilization the uptake of P by the varieties differed with environment: the order was S-143 > Frode = Rideau > Chinook at 20°C. and 75% moisture, and Frode = Rideau > S-143 = Chinook at 10°C. and 25% moisture.

¹ Contribution No. 100, Soil Research Institute, Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario. Presented before Div. S-4 Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Denver, Colo., Nov. 20, 1963.

² Research Officers.

Received for publication March 26, 1964. Accepted for publication May 4, 1964.