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Entrapped Air Content and Hydraulic Conductivity of Quartz Sand During Prolonged Liquid Flow¹

ABSTRACT

Boiled deionized water, with and without 0.1% phenol, was passed through permeameters filled with several types of quartz sand. In addition to measurements of hydraulic conductivity, the sand-water system inside the permeameters was periodically subjected to a static gauge pressure P, and the resulting volume change v was recorded by the movement of a mercury droplet in a capillary tube. The quantity v/P was found to be a highly sensitive indicator of the air entrapped within the wet sand. For sand wetted at atmospheric pressure, v/P was found to be high initially, and then to decline sharply as flow proceeded. When the hydraulic conductivity reached its maximum value, the decrease in v/P flattened out abruptly, but a slow decline persisted as flow continued. When the sand was wetted under vacuum, the high initial value and subsequent rapid decline in v/P were eliminated.

Since v/P was always observed to decline with continued flow, even when the hydraulic conductivity was undergoing a drastic decrease, it was concluded that flow-associated reductions in hydraulic conductivity, observed in the present and in previous similar experiments, were not caused by an accumulation of entrapped air originating from dissolved air released by the flowing liquid.

¹ Journal Paper No. 2113, Purdue University Agr. Exp. Sta., Lafayette, Ind. Contribution from the Department of Agronomy. Financial support from the Purdue Research Foundation is acknowledged with thanks. Presented before Div. I, Soil Science Society of America, Aug. 23, 1962, at Ithaca, New York.

² Graduate Assistant and Professor of Soils, respectively. Senior author is now a Postdoctorate Fellow of the National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Can.

Received for publication April 29, 1963. Accepted for publication June 21, 1963.

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