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Morphology and Genesis of a Sol Brun Acide with Fragipan in Uniform Silty Material¹

ABSTRACT

The physical, chemical, and mineralogical data assembled indicate that physical phenomena have been major factors involved in the development of genetic horizons of a Sol Brun Acide with a fragipan. Gross mineralogy is primarily inherited; chemical alteration is confined mainly to fine fractions in zones of maximum permeability above the fragipan and along connecting fracture planes. Evidence is presented that compaction by glacial ice, periglacial phenomena, or weight of overburden is not essential for development of density in fragipans. Density and firmness are attributed to reorganization of particles upon alternate dessication and wetting, possibly augmented by seasonal frost action and some illuviation of clay. Dessication is suggested as the major factor in development of polygonal fracture planes. Clay destruction by weathering is suggested as a major factor contributing to the character of zones of apparent eluviation. It is suggested that the fragipan is being degraded both from the top and from the fracture planes.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., as Agronomy Paper No. 591, based on a thesis by the senior author for the Ph.D. degree, Cornell University, June, 1961.

² Rockefeller Foundation Fellow and Professor of Soil Science, respectively.

Received for publication July 11, 1962. Accepted for publication July 13, 1962.