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A Study of the Morphology and Pedogenesis of a Medial Chernozem Developed in Loess¹

ABSTRACT

Bozeman silty clay loam is a well-drained, medial northern Chernozem. The A horizons are very dark grayish brown and granular; the B are dark grayish brown to dark brown and compound prismatic-blocky; the C are calcareous, pale brown, massive silt loams. Particle-size distributions of the associated loess deposits indicate that local floodplains contributed significantly to their silt and sand fractions, and that some stratification must have occurred during their deposition. During pedogenesis, marked changes have occurred in the microfabric of the soil and acid-soluble material, mostly lime, has been moved into and through the C_ca horizon. The principal clays are montmorillonite and illite. During pedogenesis, there has been an increase in total clay in the solum, a movement of some clay downward, and a reconstitution of much of the clay of the A horizons to randomly interstratified forms. Calculations show the relative rate of clay formation to be highest in the lower A.

¹ Joint contribution from the Soil Science Department, Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta., East Lansing (Authorized for publication by the Director as Journal Article No. 2726); and Montana Agr. Exp. Sta., Bozeman (Authorized for publication by the Director as Journal series No. 544).

² Formerly, graduate student in Soil Science, at Michigan State University and Research Associate in charge of Soil Survey at Montana State College, now Soils Advisor, International Cooperation Administration; and Professor of Soil Science at Michigan State Univ., respectively.

Received for publication June 6, 1961. Accepted for publication May 3, 1962.