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Properties of Intergradient Chlorite-Expansible Layer Silicates of Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Clay fractions of soils which contain intergrades of chlorite-expansible 2:1 layer silicates from three states were studied. The citrate, fluoride, and 400° and 500°C. dehyroxylation-NaOH methods of removing the interlayer materials were compared. The latter method removed more interlayer material than either of the other two methods as indicated by greater collapse of potassium-saturated samples heated at various temperatures from 300° to 600°C. The greater effectiveness of the dehydroxylation—NaOH method compared to the other two methods was more evident for clays which contained larger amounts of interlayer material. The Al, Si, and Fe extracted by the dehydroxylation-NaOH method were determined. The soil clays contained differing amounts of interlayer material, possibly allophanic in part, which varied between about 1 to 2% alumina (400°C. minus 110°C. extractions), corresponding to about 4 to 8% chlorite equivalent. The heat stability of the 14Å. peak increased with quantity of differentially soluble interlayer alumina. The cation-exchange capacity of the Cookeville A_p horizon, 2 to 0.2µ fraction, increased from 38.0 me. to 61.2 me. per 100 g. while the corresponding increase in specific surface by the mono-interlayer method was from 79 m.² per g. to 148 m.² per g. on dissolution of interlayers.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Soils, University of Wisconsin, Madison, supported in part by the University Research Committee through a grant of funds from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Presented before Div. II, Soil Science Society of America, Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 15, 1959.

² Former Graduate Assistant and National Science Foundation supported Postdoctoral Fellow (now Assistant Professor of Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, Ala.), and Professor of Soils, respectively.

Received for publication September 6, 1961. Accepted for publication October 9, 1961.