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The Effect of Atomic Weight of the Saturating Ion on the (001) X-Ray Diffraction Peaks of Layer Silicates¹

ABSTRACT

It was found that Tl⁺ saturation strongly diminished the intensity of the diagnostic (001) peaks of glycerated montmorillonite and vermiculite. Further experiments showed that the (001) X-ray diffraction peak of expanding layer silicates decreases with increase in the amount of X-ray scattering material contributed by the ions saturating the exchange sites. Intensity calculations indicate the mechanism to be ordinary destructive interference of diffracted X-rays and that Tl⁺ contracts vermiculite to the mica structure.

¹ Contribution from the Agronomy Dept., Washington State University, Pullman. Scientific Paper No. 2057, Washington Agr. Exp. Sta. Project No. 1384.

² Assistant Professor of Soils. The author wishes to express his appreciation to E. W. Hope, Experimental Aide, for his assistance in the experimental work, and to Dr. S. W. Bailey, Geology Dept., University of Wisconsin, and Dr. W. H. Gardner, Agronomy Dept., Washington State University, for their helpful criticism of the manuscript.

Received for publication December 23, 1960. Accepted for publication February 14, 1961.