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Effects of Aluminum on Sunflower Growth and Uptake of Boron and Calcium from Nutrient Solution¹

ABSTRACT

The effects of aluminum in solution cultures on growth of sunflower plants and uptake of boron and calcium were determined under greenhouse conditions. Measurements were made of plant height and weights of roots and tops. Total amounts of aluminum, boron, and calcium in the roots and tops were determined.

Aluminum in concentrations above 4 ppm. drastically reduced heights of plants and weights of tops and roots. Increases in concentration of aluminum had no effect on amount of boron in tops or roots. There were no significant effects from aluminum on amount of calcium found in tops. However, the amount of calcium in roots decreased as concentration of aluminum in solutions increased. Aluminum accumulated in large amounts in roots of sunflower plants, but there was no increase in the aluminum contents of tops as aluminum concentration in the solutions increased.

¹ Contributed from the Soils Department, with approval of the Director of the Florida Agr. Exp. Sta., Gainesville, Fla., as Journal Series, No. 1203. Part of a dissertation submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. Presented before Div. IV, Soil Science Society of America, Dec. 8, 1960, at Chicago, Ill. The authors wish to thank Mr. Ronald Jones, Everglades Exp. Sta., Belle Glade, Fla. For photographing the graphs in this paper.

² Formerly Research Assistant in Soils (now Assistant Soils Chemist, Everglades Exp. Sta. Belle Glade, Fla.) and Associate Biochemist, respectively.

Received for publication October 21, 1960. Accepted for publication February 6, 1961.