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Influence of Exchangeable Hydrogen and Calcium, and of Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium at Different Hydrogen Levels on Certain Physical Properties of Soils¹

ABSTRACT

These studies were undertaken to determine the influence of exchangeable Ca and H and of Na, K, and NH₄ at different H levels on the aggregation of < 50_µ particles and on water conductivity by a method involving compaction of the soil into the conductivity cylinders while moist. Variation of the exchangeable H of three soils from 0 to 85% and of the Ca from 5% to excess, exerted very little influence on aggregation, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, or moisture retention at 1/10-, 1/3-, or 1-bar suction. Increasing Na reduced aggregation and conductivity. Increasing exchangeable K or NH₄ only slightly reduced soil aggregation but greatly reduced water conductivity. Increasing exchangeable H increased the dispersing action of Na, K, and NH₄.

¹ Paper No. 1137, University of California Citrus Exp. Sta., Riverside.

² Chemist and Soil Physicist, respectively. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of J. O. Ervin and L. V. Weeks.

Received for publication April 3, 1959. Accepted for publication May 19, 1959.