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Ion Movement in Wyoming Bentonite During Electroosmosis¹

ABSTRACT

The comparative rates of removal of the ions from Wyoming bentonite-quartz sand systems during electroosmosis were as follows: Na⁺ > K⁺ > Mg⁺⁺ > Ca⁺⁺. The differential movement of ions tends to separate the cations as they move through the media. The percentage of an ion removed by a given amount of electricity was increased by the addition of a complementary ion.

The rate of Na⁺ and K⁺ removal was proportional to the amount of these ions remaining in the system and decreased steadily as electroosmosis proceeded. The rate of Ca⁺⁺ removal tended to remain more or less constant until the Ca⁺⁺ concentration in the cell had been reduced to about 0.5 symmetry.

In the early stages of electroosmosis the transference numbers of Na⁺ and K⁺ in systems containing no free salt were very near unity. Under similar circumstances the transference number for Ca⁺⁺ was greater than in some salt solutions but did not approach unity.

The amount of water flow per milliequivalent of cation removed was greatest for Ca⁺⁺, intermediate for K⁺, and least for Na⁺.

¹ Authorized for publication by the Director as Journal Article No. 2342 of the Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta., East Lansing. Presented before Div. II, Soil Science Society of America, Lafayette, Ind., Aug. 6, 1958. A portion of a thesis by the senior author presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at Michigan State University.

² Assistant Professor, Kansas State College (formerly Instructor, Michigan State University), and Associate Professor, Michigan State University, respectively.

Received for publication October 30, 1958. Accepted for publication December 10, 1958.