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The Density of Water Adsorbed by Lithium-, Sodium-, and Potassium-Bentonite¹

ABSTRACT

A clay-water paste was compressed between a porous filter and a column of mercury and, by means of capillaries, the change in volume of the paste and the volume of water forced through the filter were observed simultaneously. From these observations a plot was made of the volume of the clay-water paste against the weight of water in the paste. The slope of the line at any water content is the reciprocal of the density of the last increment of water.

By this method, it was found that the density decreased continuously as the clay surface was approached. At distances of about 10Å, the densities of the water on lithium, sodium, and potassium bentonites were 0.975, 0.972 and 0.981, respectively. Thus, the adsorbed water is less dense than free water.

¹ Journal paper 1177, Purdue University Agr. Exp. Sta., Lafayette, Ind. Contribution from the Agronomy Department. Part of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at Purdue University by the senior author.

² Graduate Assistant and Professor of Soil Chemistry, respectively. The senior author is now Assistant Professor in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soils, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Received for publication October 21, 1957. Accepted for publication December 2, 1957.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. M. Anderson, G. F. Leaming, and G. Sposito Volume Changes of a Thixotropic, Sodium Bentonite Suspension during Sol-Gel-Sol Transition Science, September 13, 1963; 141(3585): 1040 - 1041. [Abstract] [PDF]