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Cationic Reactions of Feldspar Surfaces¹

ABSTRACT

The reactivity of finely divided feldspar particles in the presence of neutral salt and acidic solutions was studied. In the case of albite, evidence on surface stability in presence of dilute salts near neutrality is given. Microcline, albite, oligoclase, andesine, labradorite, by-townite and anorthite were converted to surface homionic systems in two ways and the bonding energies of the cations were determined. Large variations with lattice composition were found. Experiments on the entry and release of cations (Na, K, Ca, NH₄, Mg, and Sr) showed the apparent exchange capacity of the surface layer was a sensitive function of the ions concerned. At least two types of cationic bonding were indicated. The ammonium ion was found to be an extremely effective displacer, and after entry a large proportion of it was found to be fixed with a high bonding energy. It is concluded that under the conditions of these experiments, any poorly organized surface layer must be thin, that is not more than a very few unit cells in depth.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Soils, Missouri Agr. Exp. Sta., Journal Series No. 1609. Approved by the Director.

² Instructor, and Professor of Soils, respectively.

Received for publication June 1, 1956. Accepted for publication August 9, 1956.