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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 20:33-36 (1956)
© 1956 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Residual Soil Phosphorus from Various Fertilizer Phosphates Extracted by Different Solvents1

Milton Salomon and John B. Smith2

ABSTRACT

A Bridgehampton silt loam of moderate acidity which had received phosphate from several sources for 48 years followed by 10 years without additional phosphates was analyzed for "extractable" phosphorus by 8 methods. Phosphorus from superphosphate, rock phosphate, Thomas slag, and ground bone, determined by these chemical tests, was correlated with yields of hay, phosphorus uptake, yields of sudangrass, and total soil phosphorus.

Methods using relatively strong acid extracting solutions (Bray's 0.1 HCl + 0.03 N NH4F and Thornton's 0.1 N HCl + (NH4)2 MoO4) and those employing weaker acids with wide soil extracting solution ratios (Peech's CH3COOH + NaC2H3O2 and Truog's 0.002 N H2SO4 + (NH4)2 SO4), gave the most consistent positive correlations. Bray's weaker acid solution (0.025N HCl) distinguished soils receiving rock phosphate from those receiving phosphorus from superphosphate. Alkaline extractants (NaOH and NaHCO3) and Morgan's extracting solution (NaC2H3O2 + CH3COOH), proved least adapted to the soil tested. The Peech and Truog methods, although inconvenient for quick soil tests, gave a better indication in terms of probable crop response to phosphorus than did the Bray (P2) method which, although it reflected the phosphorus status of the soil very well, extracted excessive quantities when compared to the levels of Low, Medium and High phosphorus proposed by Bray as a guide for fertilizer recommendations. The Thornton method extracted somewhat more phosphorus than had been previously established at this station for use in making recommendations based upon rapid soil tests.

Subsoils accumulated less phosphorus than topsoils but there was no correlation between the level of phosphorus in topsoil and the amount recovered from the subsoil.

Total phosphorus accumulation due to treatment was greatest in the rock phosphate plots, and least where triple superphosphate had been added. Residual effects from superphosphate, Thomas slag, and ground bone were intermediate.

NOTES

1 Contribution No. 775 of the Rhode Island Agr. Exp. Sta., Kingston, R. I. Presented before Div. IV, Soil Science Society of America, St. Paul, Minn., Nov. 8–12, 1954.

2 Associate Professor of Agricultural Chemistry and Professor of Agricultural Chemistry, respectively. Since 1929 this project has been under the charge of T. E. Odland, Head Department of Agronomy. The assistance of Charles E. Olney with the plant analyses is gratefully acknowledged.

Received for publication October 23, 1955.




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