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Effect of Biocides on the Development of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizae in Monterey Pine Seedlings¹

ABSTRACT

Sandy nursery soil of siliceous outwash, autochthonously inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, was treated with chlordane, benzene hexachloride, thiosan, calomel, formaldehyde, aluminum sulfate, allyl alcohol, and Stoddard solvent at the rates common in nursery practice. After incubation, the cultures were planted to surface-sterilized seed of Pinus radiata, and the external and internal development of mycorrhizal short roots was recorded at definite intervals. The internal alterations of mycorrhizae under the influence of eradicants were characterized by irregularities in the shape of the fungal mantle, restricted penetration of mycelia, and reduced development of the Hartig net. The external modifications of the short roots suggested that biocides cause radical changes in the exudates of rhizospheric organisms. The effect of eradicants varied with the nature of chemical compounds and their rate of application, but some of the observed modifications of mycotrophic organs were symptomatic of the eradicants applied.

¹ Contribution from the Soils Department, Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta., Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the Wisconsin Conservation Department. Publication approved by the Director of the Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta. Presented before Div. V-A, Soil Science Society of America, St. Paul, Minn., Nov. 11, 1954.

² Professor of Soils and Research Associate in Soils, respectively. The writers are indebted to Dr. G. K. Voigt and Mr. W. H. Brener for their help in different phases of this study.

Received for publication October 18, 1954.